Istanbul yakakura sei? Iine nzvimbo yakatambanuka inopfuura 5,461 square kilometers uye huwandu hwevanhu vanopfuura mamirioni gumi nemashanu, Istanbul inopa yakasarudzika tarisiro yehukuru hwayo uye kuoma kwenzvimbo yayo yemadhorobha. Kana tichifunga nezvehukuru hweIstanbul, saizi yayo inosimbisa kukosha kweguta, hupfumi, uye tsika.
Yakakura sei Istanbul: Geographical Scope
Istanbul, inobata nzvimbo inoshamisa ye5,461 square kilometers, harisi guta chete; Mushonga unoyevedza wakarukwa mumakondinendi maviri—Europe neAsia. Iyi yakasarudzika nzvimbo inoita kuti ive inoshamisira yemudhorobha, sezvo ichitenderera muBosphorus Strait, nzira yakakosha yemugungwa iyo yakagara ichifambisa kutengeserana uye kuchinjana kwetsika pakati pekumabvazuva nekumadokero. Iyo Bosphorus haingokwidziri zvinhu zveIstanbul chete asiwo inobatsira mukusiyana kwayo kwetsika, ichipa mamiriro akapfuma ezvakaitika kare.
Kurongeka kwemadhorobha kunoratidza musanganiswa wakaomesesa wemazuva ano uye nhoroondo, nenzvimbo dzakavakidzana dzinoratidza ruzhinji rwezvitaera zvekuvaka kubva kuByzantine neOttoman kune zvivakwa zvazvino. Mabhazari ane chipatapata, kunyanya iwo Grand Bazaar, kuratidza nhaka inogara yeguta senzvimbo yekutengeserana. Migwagwa yakazara nehupenyu, izere neruzha rwevatengesi, kunhuhwirira kwechikafu chemumugwagwa uye nemavara anoyevedza ezvigadzirwa zvemuno, zvinoratidzira yakasarudzika tsika mosaic.
Seguta rine masikirwo emusikirwo, Istanbul inombundirwa nemahombekombe eGungwa reMarmara neGungwa Dzvuku, ichigadzira kwete maonero anofema chete asiwo mukana wehunyanzvi hwekufamba uye kutengeserana. The Nyanga Yegoridhe, chiteshi chengarava chinokamura chikamu cheEurope cheIstanbul, chine chiteshi chengarava chave chichikwezva vatengesi, vafambisi vezvikepe, uye vaongorori kwemazana emakore. Mamiriro enzvimbo yeguta, nezvikomo zvaro zvinotenderera, zvinopa nzvimbo dzakawanda dzekutarisa uko kune zviratidzo zvechiratidzo, senge Hagia Sophia uye Imba yeTopkapi, inomira sechipupuriro chekare cheIstanbul chine mbiri.
Nzvimbo yeIstanbul, yakabatana zvakanyanya nenhoroondo yayo, kutengeserana, uye tsika, inosimbisa kukwezva uye kukosha kweguta, zvichiita kuti rive nyaya yekusingaperi yekunetsana nevagari nevashanyi zvakafanana.
Kusiyana Kwevanhu Netsika
Istanbul, guta rinosanganisira zvinoshamisa zvetsika tapestry, imusha kune vanhu vanofungidzirwa vanopfuura mamirioni gumi nemashanu. Iri guta rine simba rinoshanda senzvimbo yezvakasiyana-siyana Uku kugoverwa kwevanhu kunoratidza kukura kwakakura kweIstEanbul mumakondinendi ayo maviri. dzinza, mitauro, uye tsika, izvo zvinobatsira mukuzivikanwa kwayo. Vanosvika 15% yevagari vemuIstanbul vanogara kudivi reEurope, ukuwo 64.9% vachigara kudivi reAsia, vachigadzira yakasarudzika yehuwandu hwehuwandu hunofanana neiyo geographical dichotomy.
Kubva kuma1950s, Istanbul yakasangana nemafambiro akakosha ekutama, ainyanya kutungamirwa nevanhu vari kutsvaga mikana iri nani yehupfumi, tarisiro yedzidzo, uye hupenyu hwemudhorobha. Kuwanda uku kwakasimudzira nharaunda umo marudzi akasiyana-siyana anogara pamwe chete, anosanganisira maTurkey, maKurds, maArabu, maArmenians, maGreek, nevamwe vazhinji, mumwe nemumwe achiwedzera kunaka kwavo kwakasiyana kumagariro eguta. Maitiro ekutama haana kungopfumisa magariro eIstanbul asi zvakare akakonzera nharaunda dzinopemberera nhaka yevagari vadzo, seBalat neTaksim, uko dzimba dzechinyakare dzakapindirwa nemakofi emazuvano uye. dzimba dzemahara.
Mikana yehupfumi inoramba ichikwezva vanhu vanobva mhiri kweTurkey nekumhiri, zvichitungamira kugadziriso yenguva dzose yehuwandu hweguta. Iyi poto inonyunguduka inogona kuonekwa mumisika ine simba, mipiro yakasiyana-siyana yekubika, uye mitambo yakasiyana-siyana yetsika inopembererwa gore rose, ichiratidza simba guru rinotsanangura nzanga yeTurkey.
Semagumo, Istanbul inomira sechiedza chetsika kusiyana-siyana, uko tsika dzemazana emakore dzakasangana nemazuva ano. Kuoma kwehuwandu hwevagari vemo hakungoratidzi kukosha kwenhoroondo yeguta chete asiwo kunosimbisa matambudziko nekugona kunouya nenharaunda yedhorobha inokurumidza kushanduka. Kusanganiswa kwetsika idzi kunogadzira mamiriro ekunze anogara achichinja, zvichiita kuti Istanbul ive mutambi akakosha mupasi rose. Aya mativi etsika anoratidza zvakare kukura kwakaita Istanbul kupfuura miganhu yayo.
Kukura Kwemaguta uye Ramangwana Rinogoneka
Shanduko yeIstanbul mumakumi mashoma emakore apfuura haisi chinhu chipfupi pane chinoshamisa, chinoratidzwa nekukura kunoshamisa kwemaguta. Pakati pa1950 na2000, huwandu hweguta hwakawedzera zvakapetwa kagumi, huchikwira kubva pamamiriyoni 1.3 kuenda kuvagari vanopfuura mamirioni gumi. Uku kukurumidza kwemadhorobha kunoratidza mafambiro ehupfumi hwemagariro eTurkey, sezvo vanhu vasingaverengeki vakatamira kuguta vachitsvaga mikana iri nani pakati pemaindasitiri nekuvandudza. Nekudaro, kuwedzera kwehuwandu uku kwakonzera matambudziko akakura uye kwakada shanduko yakakosha mukuronga kwemadhorobha uye zvivakwa. Vakadaro Kuchinja kwevanhu kunoratidza kukura kwakaita Istanbul maererano ne, muhuwandu uye pesvedzero.
Sezvo dunhu remetropolitan richipararira kunze, zvinorehwa nedzimba zvakadzama. Iko kudiwa kwenzvimbo dzekugara kwakapfuura kuwanikwa, zvichikonzera kuwanda kwenzvimbo dzekugara, dzinozivikanwawo segecekondus, iyo inowanzoshaya masevhisi akakosha anofarirwa nevavakidzani vari pamutemo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kudiwa kwemitemo yedzimba yakasimba kwakakosha kuitira kuumba nzvimbo dzakakwana, dzinokwanisika, uye dzinosanganisira dzekugara dzehuwandu hwevanhu vari kuwedzera.
Uyezve, kukurumidza kuwedzera kwevagari kwakasimbisa zvivakwa zviripo. Zvifambiso, kunyanya, zvine dhiri, nemigwagwa yakatsvikinyidzana uye netiweki yezvifambiso yevoruzhinji inonetseka kuzadzisa zvinodiwa nemamiriyoni. Vachiziva zvipingaidzo izvi, varongi vemaguta uye vanoita zvemitemo vari kutsvaga mhinduro dzinoverengeka, dzakadai sekuwedzera. zvifambiso zveveruzhinji sarudzo nemitsara mitsva ye metro uye kuvandudza kubatana pakati peAsia neEurope mativi eguta.
mhedziso
Istanbul yakakura saizi uye kuwedzera huwandu hwevanhu inoratidza chimiro chayo sehubhu yepasi rose uye kunyungudika kwetsika. Iine nzvimbo yaro yenzvimbo inofamba makondinendi maviri uye nhoroondo yakapfuma, mutsara wenguva weguta unoratidza kuenderera mberi nekushanduka, zvichiita kuti ive chidzidzo chinonakidza kumadhorobha. kuongorora uye demographic research. Kunzwisisa kukura kwakaita Istanbul kunobatsira kukoshesa kukura kweguta uye matambudziko nemikana inouya nekukura kwaro.
Kana tichitarisa kukura kwakaita Istanbul, zvinoshamisa kuona kudyidzana pakati pehukuru hwayo hwemuviri, kudzika kwenhoroondo uye kugadzikana kwemagariro nehupfumi.