Kuchinja kwehuwandu hweIstanbul kunoratidza kuti mharadzano ine simba yeEurope neAsia haisi yeTurkey chete
guta gurusa asiwo rimwe remaguta ane vanhu vakawanda pasi rose. Munyaya ino, isu ongorora huwandu hwevanhu huripo, maitiro ayo ekukura kwenhoroondo, kusiyana-siyana kwevanhu, uye zvinhu zvinofambisa kuwedzera kwayo.
Historical Context yeIstanbul's Population
Mukuongorora mafambiro ehuwandu hweIstanbul, zvakakosha kuti unzwisise zviri pasi penhoroondo mamiriro akakanganisa kukura kwayo. Guta, rakavambwa seByzantium, rakaona shanduko huru dzehuwandu munguva dzakasiyana siyana. Zvichitevera kukundwa kwayo nevaOttoman muna 1453, Istanbul yakava guta guru rehumambo hukuru, ichikurudzira kuwanda kwevanhu vanobva kwakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira maGiriki, vaJudha, uye maArmenian, zvichikonzera kupfuma kwayo kwetsika.
Pakazosvika zana ramakore rechi 19, guta rakanga rashanduka kuita dhorobha rakabatikana, richizvitutumadza huwandu hunofungidzirwa hwevanosvika zviuru mazana mapfumbamwe panguva yehumambo hweOttoman. Iyi nguva yakaratidzwa nekuwedzera kwekutama nekuda kwehondo dzinoramba dziri muumambo uye mikana yehupfumi, kuisa nhanho yehutano hwemaguta hwakaenderera mberi kusvika muzana remakore rechi900,000.
Kugadzwa kweRepublic of Turkey muna 1923 kwakawedzera kuita izvi. Mitemo yenyika yakanangana nekusimudzira yaikurudzira vanhu vekumaruwa vachienda kumaguta, zvichikonzera kuwanda kwevanhu. Pakazosvika pakati pezana ramakore rechi20, huwandu hweIstanbul hwakange hwapfuura miriyoni imwe nehafu, zvichiratidza kwete kukura kwechisikigo chete asi shanduko yekuchinja kuenda kumaindasitiri.
Sezvo zana ramakore richifambira mberi, guta rakatarisana nematambudziko ane chekuita nekukasira kwemaguta, kusanganisira kugariswa zvisina kurongwa uye kumanikidzwa kwezvivakwa. Mukupera kwema1990, huwandu hwevanhu hwakanga hwakwira kusvika pamamiriyoni gumi, zvichiisa Istanbul serimwe remaguta makuru pasi rose. Izvi zviitiko zvakakosha zvinoratidza kuti mafambiro ekufamba, maguta, uye shanduko yezvematongerwo enyika zvakaramba zvichivandudza mamiriro enzvimbo yeIstanbul, zvichiisa hwaro hwekunzwisisa mafambiro azvino uye eramangwana.
Yazvino Demographics uye Remangwana Ramangwana
Kubva muna 2023, huwandu hweIstanbul hunomira pavagari vangangosvika mamirioni gumi nemashanu, zvichiita kuti rive guta rine vanhu vakawanda muTurkey uye dhorobha rakakosha pasi rose. Kugoverwa kwevanhu kunoratidza kuti vangangoita 15.5% yevagari vanogara kudivi reEurope, nepo 63% vachigara kudivi reAsia. Kupatsanurwa uku hakusi kwenzvimbo chete; inoratidza kusaenzana kwemagariro nehupfumi uye mararamiro akasiyana mumatunhu maviri aya, nedivi reEuropean rinowanzova nemaguta uye nehupfumi.
Zvinhu zviri kuita kuti Istanbul irambe ichikura zvinosanganisira kutama-tama-kumaguta, kunoratidza maitiro akakura anoonekwa muTurkey yese. Vanhu vakawanda nemhuri vanotiza nharaunda dzokumaruwa dzisina kubudirira vachitsvaka mikana yebasa, dzidzo, uye mararamiro ari nani. Kuwedzera kwemaguta kwakawedzera kuita izvi, nezvirongwa zvekuvaka zvakawanda zvine chinangwa chekuzadzisa kudiwa kuri kuwedzera kwedzimba nemasevhisi.
Mamiriro ekunze nehupfumi muIstanbul anobatsira kune chinzvimbo chayo semagineti ekutama kwemukati. Guta rinopa huwandu hwemikana yebasa muzvikamu zvakasiyana, kusanganisira mari, tekinoroji, uye kushanya. Uku kukwezva kwehupfumi kuri kuenderera mberi nekukwezva vechidiki nyanzvi nevashandi vanobva munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeTurkey, zvichiwedzera kusiyanisa huwandu hweguta.
Tichitarisa mberi, fungidziro dzinoratidza kuti huwandu hweIstanbul hunogona kudarika 20 miriyoni panosvika 2040. Zvisineyi, kukura kwakadaro kunounza matambudziko makuru, anosanganisira kuronga maguta uye zvivakwa. Vagadziri vemitemo vanozoda kutarisisa kubatanidzwa kwenharaunda dzakasiyana uye kugadzira zvigadziriso zvemadhorobha zvekugadzirisa zvinonetsa zveguta riri kukurumidza kukura.
mhedziso
Mukupedzisa, kukura kwehuwandu hweIstanbul chiratidzo chekukosha kwayo kwenhoroondo uye kukosha kwazvino. Guta rine simba huwandu hwevanhu hunoratidza kuenderera mberi kwemadhorobha maitiro uye tsika kubatanidzwa, kuisa Istanbul seguta guru repasi rose kune ramangwana rinoonekwa.
Dzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pezvinokwezva zveIstanbul uye mamuseum pa Museum Pass Istanbul nzvimbo.