Istanbul ndeimwe yemaguta anonakidza zvikuru pasi rose, iri pakati peEurope neAsia uye yakaumbwa netsika dzeRoma, Byzantine, neOttoman. Nemamosque ayo makuru, dzimba dzehumambo, zvitoro zvine vanhu vakawanda, nzira dzemvura dzakanaka, nenzvimbo dzine ruzha, guta iri rine musanganiswa wenhoroondo, tsika, uye hupenyu hwezuva nezuva.
Gwaro iri rinobatanidza nzvimbo dzakanakisa dzevashanyi muIstanbul, kusanganisa zviratidzo zvinofanirwa kuonekwa ne zvetsika zvinokwezva, nzvimbo dzinoyevedza, nzvimbo dzezvekudya, uye matombo anokosha asinganyanyozivikanwa. Ingava kushanya kwako kwekutanga kana kudzoka, chinyorwa chino chichakubatsira kuona Istanbul nenzira yakadzama uye ine chinangwa.
Zvinhu Zvinoshamisa Zvekare Zvausingafaniri Kupotsa
Hagia Sophia (Ayasofya)
Hagia Sophia ndiyo chivakwa chinonyanya kuzivikanwa muIstanbul uye chimwe chezvivakwa zvakakosha munhoroondo yepasi rose. Pakutanga yakavakwa muna 537 AD sechechi yeByzantine, yakazova musikiti wehumambo hweOttoman uye nhasi inoshanda semusikiti unoshanda une mukana wekupinda mumuseum. Dome rayo guru, makoramu emarble, uye mifananidzo yeByzantine yakasara zvinoita kuti ive nyanzvi yekuvaka.
Vashanyi vanogona kupinda muimba huru yekunamatira mahara kunze kwenguva dzeminamato, nepo gallery yepamusoro—kwakachengetedzwa mifananidzo yakawanda—ichida tikitiKupfeka zvine mwero zvinosungirwa, uye kushanyira vanhu mangwanani-ngwanani ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa yekudzivisa vanhu vakawanda.
Blue Mosque (Sultanahmet Camii)
Kutarisana naHagia Sophia mhiri Sultanahmet Square, Blue Mosque inozivikanwa neminarets yayo mitanhatu uye mukati mayo munoshamisa makashongedzwa nezviuru zvematiles eİznik akapendwa nemaoko. Yakavakwa mukutanga kwezana remakore rechi17, ichiri imwe yemisikiti inoshanda zvikuru muIstanbul.
Kupinda hakubhadharwi, asi vashanyi vanofanira kuronga nguva dzemunamato. Mosque yacho yakanaka zvikuru masikati apo chiedza chezuva chinopenya nepamahwindo ayo ane mavara.
Topkapı Muzinda
Topkapı Muzinda Yakashanda senzvimbo yekutonga nekugara yeUmambo hweOttoman kwemakore anoda kusvika mazana mana. Yakapararira muzvivanze zvakawanda yakatarisana neBosphorus, imba iyi ine pfuma yehumambo, zvisaririra zvitsvene zveIslam, uye mienzaniso yakanaka yeunyanzvi hweOttoman.
Tikiti rakasiyana rinopa mukana wekupinda muHarem, uko hupenyu hwevaSultani hwakaitika. Tarisira kupedza maawa maviri kusvika matatu uchiongorora nzvimbo iyi yakakura.
Basilica Tangi
Yakavanzwa pasi pemigwagwa yeGuta Rekare, Basilica Tangi inzvimbo yakadzika pasi pevhu ine denga rakatsigirwa nemazana ematombo ekare emarble. Mwenje wakapfava, kupenya mumvura isina kudzika, uye mifananidzo yakakurumbira yemisoro yeMedusa zvinoita kuti ive imwe yenzvimbo dzinoyeukwa zvikuru muIstanbul.
Kushanya kwemanheru kunopa chiitiko chinoshamisa, nepo mangwanani-ngwanani zviri nani kudzivirira mitsetse mirefu.
Galata Shongwe
Kukwira pamusoro pedunhu rekare reGalata, Galata Shongwe ine imwe yenzvimbo dzakanakisa dzekuona panorama muIstanbul. Kubva padheki rekutarisa, unogona kuona Nyanga Yegoridhe, Bosphorus, uye nzvimbo huru yeguta.
Kuvira kwezuva ndiyo nguva inonyanya kufarirwa yekushanyira, asi mangwanani anopa nguva pfupi yekumirira uye maonero akajeka.
Dolmabahçe Muzinda
Iri pedyo neBosphorus, Dolmabahçe Muzinda inoratidza kuchinja kweHumambo hweOttoman kuenda kumaitiro ekuEurope. Mukati mayo mahombe, machira ekristaro, uye denga rayo rakashongedzwa negoridhe zvinosiyana zvakanyanya nePlace yeTopkapı yechinyakare.
Kutora mifananidzo hakubvumirwi mukati, asi hukuru hwemuzinda hunosiya pfungwa inogara kwenguva refu. Tickets Kazhinji zvinotengeswa zvapera mangwanani-ngwanani, saka kusvika mangwanani zvinokurudzirwa.
Nzvimbo Dzinonakidza Tsika Neunyanzvi
Istanbul Archaeology Museums
Iyi miziyamu yakakura ine zvinhu zvemazuva ano zvakatora zviuru zvemakore, zvichiita kuti ive imwe yemiunganidzwa yakakosha yezvakacherwa mumatongo muMiddle East neEurope. Miziyamu iyi inoratidza matombo ekare, mahwendefa ekare, zvinyorwa, zvifananidzo, nezvinhu zvemazuva ese kubva kuMesopotamia, Anatolia, Greece Yekare, Roma, uye munguva yeByzantine.
Zvinhu zvikuru zvinosanganisira Alexander Sarcophagus ane mukurumbira, makuva emadzimambo akashongedzwa zvakanaka, uye mahwendefa ecuneiform anopa ruzivo rwezvimwe zvezvinyorwa zvekare zvakanyorwa nevanhu. Mamiziyamu aya akanakira vashanyi vanoda kunzwisisa zvakadzama nezvetsika dzakaumba Istanbul kare kare isati yava Constantinople uye gare gare Istanbul. Ronga awa imwe kusvika maviri kuti unyatsonzwisisa huwandu hwezvinhu zviri muunganidzwa uyu.
Istanbul Yemazuva Ano
Istanbul Yemazuva Ano ndiyo miziyamu yemazuva ano inotungamira muguta uye inzvimbo yakakosha yekunzwisisa tsika dzemazuva ano dzeTurkey. Muunganidzwa wayo unotarisa kune vaimbi vekuTurkey kubva kumagumo kwezana remakore rechi19 kusvika pari zvino, uchiwedzerwa nekuratidzwa kwenyika dzese, kutora mifananidzo, kuratidzwa kwemafirimu, uye kuiswa kwenhau itsva.
Iri pamhenderekedzo yegungwa yeBosphorus, zvivakwa zvemazuva ano zvinoshamisa zvemuseum uye materasi akavhurika zvinoita kuti ive nzvimbo yekuenda yoga. Kunze kwemagalari, Istanbul Modern inopawo maonero akanaka, chitoro chemuseum chakagadzirirwa dhizaini, uye cafe yakatarisana nemvura, zvichiita kuti ive nzvimbo yakanaka yekumira kunyangwe kune vashanyi vane nguva shoma.
Museum yeTurkey uye Islamic Arts
Iri mumuzinda waimbova weOttoman pedyo neHippodrome, Museum yeTurkey uye Islamic Arts inoratidza imwe yemiunganidzwa yakanakisisa yeunyanzvi hwechiIslam pasi rose. Zviratidziro zvemuseum iyi zvinofukidza mazana emakore ehunyanzvi, kusanganisira kunyora, manyoro ane chiedza, matanda, zvinhu zvesimbi, zviumbwa zvedongo, uye machira.
Makapeti ayo anoshamisa zvikuru, aine makapeti eSeljuk neeOttoman asingawanzoonekwi anoratidzwa mumagalari asina chiedza chakawanda akagadzirirwa kuchengetedza shinda dzakapfava. Kuratidzwa kwemashoko kunotsanangura matekiniki eunyanzvi, zviratidzo, uye musiyano wenzvimbo, zvichiita kuti museum ive inonakidza uye inodzidzisa.
Pera Museum
Pera Museum inzvimbo ine tsika dzakanaka mudunhu reBeyoğlu, inozivikanwa zvikuru nekuunganidza kwayo mifananidzo yeOrientalist uye kuratidzwa kwenguva pfupi kwemhando yepamusoro. Muunganidzwa uyu unogara uripo unosanganisira mabasa evanyori vane mukurumbira venguva yeOttoman, zvichipa ruzivo rwakakosha rwekuti Mabvazuva airatidzwa sei kuburikidza nemaonero eEurope neemunharaunda.
Yakavakwa muchivako chakagadziriswazve chemuzana remakore rechi19, miziyamu iyi inosanganisa runako rwenhoroondo nenzira yekuratidzira yemazuva ano. Iri pakati nepakati pedyo ne İstiklal Street zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kubatanidza muzuva rekuongorora Beyoğlu, uye cafe iri panzvimbo iyi inopa nzvimbo inonakidza yekumbomira pakati pemagalari.
Maonero Akanaka Uye Nzvimbo Dzekubuda Nadzo
Bosphorus Cruise
A Bosphorus cruise ndiyo imwe yenzira dzakanakisisa dzekukoshesa nzvimbo yeIstanbul uye kusiyana-siyana kwezvivakwa, sezvo ichiratidza guta kubva pane zvarinonyanya kusiyanisa: nzira yemvura inoparadzanisa uye inobatanidza makondinendi maviri. Kubva padheki, vashanyi vanogona kuyemura dzimba dzehumambo dzeOttoman, dzimba dzakanaka dzegungwa (yalıs), mamosque ekare, nhare, uye mabhiriji emazuva ano anotaura nyaya yekushanduka-shanduka kweIstanbul kwemazana emakore.
Zvikepe zveveruzhinji zvinopa nzira inodhura uye yechokwadi yekuona Bosphorus, inowanzoshandiswa nevanhu veko muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Kune rumwe rutivi, nzendo dzekufamba netsoka dzinotungamirirwa dzinowanzo sanganisira kurondedzera kunotsanangura kukosha kwenzvimbo dziri munzira, zvichiita kuti dzive dzakanakira vashanyi kekutanga vanoda mamiriro ekare. Kufamba netsoka kwezuva kwakakurumbira zvikuru, zvichipa chiedza chinoshamisa uye maonero asingakanganwiki sezvo guta richichinja kubva masikati kuenda kuhusiku.
Pierre Loti Hill
Kutarisa Nyanga yeGoridhe, Pierre Loti Chikomo chimwe chezviono zvinoyevedza zvikuru muIstanbul. Chinotumidzwa zita remunyori wemabhuku wekuFrance aigara achishanyira nzvimbo iyi, uye chinopa maonero akanaka enzvimbo dzekare, mamosque, uye nzira dzemvura dzinoenda kuGuta Rekare.
Vashanyi vanogona kusvika pamusoro pegomo nemota yemagetsi kubva kudunhu reEyüp kana nekutevera nzira inoyevedza yekukwira ichipfuura nemumakuva ekare. Cafe iri pamusoro pegomo inzvimbo yechinyakare yekunodyira tii kana Kofi yeTurkey, zvichiita kuti ive nzvimbo yakanaka yekuzorora uchinakidzwa nemaonero akanaka uye akadzikama—kunyanya akanaka masikati.
Çamlıca Hill
Çamlıca Hill, iyo iri nzvimbo yakakwirira kwazvo muIstanbul, inopa maonero akakura kumativi ese eEurope neAsia eguta. Pamazuva akajeka, mabhiriji eBosphorus, matunhu emaguta akakora, nezvitsuwa zviri kure zvinoonekwa kubva mumatanda aro akashongedzwa zvakanaka.
Nzvimbo iyi yakavakwa kuita paki huru yeruzhinji ine nzira dzekufamba nadzo, magadheni, nenzvimbo dzekuona, zvichiita kuti ive yakakurumbira kune vashanyi nevagari vemo. Çamlıca Mosque inowedzera kufarira kwezvivakwa netsika, uye gomo racho rinonyanya kushamisa pakunyura kwezuva apo mwenje yeguta inotanga kupenya.
Zvitsuwa zvePrinces
Rwendo rupfupi rwechikepe kubva pakati peguta, Zvitsuwa zvePrinces inopa nzira yekupukunyuka nerunyararo kubva mumigwagwa yakabatikana yeIstanbul. Mota dzemotokari dzakaganhurirwa zvakanyanya, zvichiita kuti vanhu vanzwe vakasununguka nekufamba netsoka, kuchovha bhasikoro, uye kutakurwa nemagetsi.
Büyükada, chitsuwa chikuru uye chinonyanya kushanyirwa, chakakurumbira nekuda kwedzimba dzayo dzekare dzemapuranga, makomo akafukidzwa nemiti yemupaini, uye nzvimbo dzakanaka dzekufamba mugungwa. Vashanyi vanogona kuongorora migwagwa yakanyarara, kunakidzwa nehove mumaresitorendi egungwa, kana kufamba netsoka vachienda kunzvimbo dzinoyevedza dziri pamusoro pegomo dzakatarisa Gungwa reMarmara. Zvitsuwa izvi zvakanaka parwendo rwezuva rose, kunyanya munguva yechirimo nezhizha apo zvisikwa nehupenyu hwegungwa zviri padanho rakanaka.
Matunhu ezvekudya nekutenga
Grand Bazaar
Imwe yemisika yekare yakafukidzwa pasi rose, iyo Grand Bazaar inzvimbo yakakura uye yenhoroondo yakashanda senzvimbo yekutengeserana kubvira muzana remakore rechi15. Nezviuru zvezvitoro zvakapararira mumigwagwa ine dome, ine zvese kubva pamakapeti akagadzirwa nemaoko nezvishongo zvegoridhe kusvika kuzvinhu zvesimbi, marambi, zvinhu zvedehwe, machira, uye zviyeuchidzo.
Kunze kwekutenga, Grand Bazaar inzvimbo yakanaka kwazvo ruzivo rwetsika pacharo. Kurira kwekutengeserana, kunhuhwirira kweganda nezvinonhuwira, uye kufamba-famba kwevanhu veko nevashanyi kunoita kuti pave nemamiriro ezvinhu anoyevedza. Kunyangwe vafambi vasingade kutenga chero chinhu vanowanzoona kufamba-famba mumigwagwa yayo yakaita semambure sechimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kuyeukwa pakushanya kwavo kuIstanbul.
Spice Bazaar
Diki uye rakamanikana kupfuura Grand Bazaar, Spice Bazaar ine ruvara rwakapfuma, kunhuhwirira, uye kuravira. Musika uyu wekare wagara uri nzvimbo yekubika zvinonhuwira, tii, michero yakaomeswa, nzungu, chikafu chekuTurkey, nemishonga yemishonga, zvichiratidza basa reIstanbul munzira dzekutengeserana pasi rose.
Vatengesi vanowanzo kukoka vashanyi kuti vazoravira zvigadzirwa zvavo, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kutaurirana uye kunzwa. Nzvimbo iyi inonyanya kukwezva vanoda chikafu nevaya vanofarira zvinhu zvemuno, uye inopa mukana wakanaka wekutenga zviyeuchidzo zvinodyiwa zvinomiririra chikafu chekuTurkey.
Mugwagwa weİstiklal neTaksim
Mugwagwa weİstiklal ndiyo nzira inozivikanwa zvikuru yekufamba netsoka muIstanbul uye imwe yenzvimbo dzayo dzemaguta dzinochinja-chinja. Uine mabhurogu epasi rose, zvitoro zvakazvimiririra, zvitoro zvemabhuku, macafe, mafirimu ekare, uye masangano etsika, mugwagwa uyu unoratidza mativi emazuva ano neenhoroondo eguta.
Kutiza kubva Taksim Square kudunhu reGalata, İstiklal inoramba ichifara kubva mangwanani-ngwanani kusvika husiku. Vaimbi vemumigwagwa, dzimba dzemahara, nzvimbo dzemitambo dzekare, uye migwagwa yemumativi yakazara nemaresitorendi zvinowedzera hunhu, zvichiita kuti ive nzvimbo kwete yekutenga chete, asiwo yekuona hupenyu hwemazuva ano hwemagariro evanhu muIstanbul.
Kadıköy Market
Kudivi reAsia reIstanbul, Kadıköy inopa mamiriro ekunze emunharaunda, akasununguka, uye echokwadi kana tichienzanisa nenzvimbo huru dzevashanyi muguta. Nzvimbo yemusika wayo wepakati yakazara nevatengesi vehove, nzvimbo dzekutengesa hove, mabhekari, zvitoro zvezvinonhuwira, uye nzvimbo diki dzekudyira dzinopa chikafu chechinyakare cheTurkey.
Zvekudya zvemumugwagwa, maresitorendi asina kurongwa, uye maresitorendi emhuri agara aripo anoita kuti Kadıköy ive imwe yenzvimbo dzakanakisa dzekunakidzwa nehupenyu hwezuva nezuva hweIstanbul. Dunhu iri rinofarirwawo nemapoka evechidiki, vaimbi, nevaimbi, zvichipa hunhu hune simba asi hwakadzikama hunopa mubayiro vashanyi vanotora nguva yekuongorora kunze kwedivi reEurope.
Matombo Akavanzika uye Nzvimbo Dzinozivikanwa Zvishoma
Rüstem Paşa Mosque
Iyi mosque diki iri pedyo ne Spice Bazaar inozivikanwa nemabasa ayo akanaka eIznik mataira, anoonekwa semumwe wemienzaniso yakanakisisa muIstanbul. Yakagadzirwa neOttoman ane mukurumbira architect Mimar Sinan muzana remakore rechi16, musikiti uyu wakafukidzwa nemataira emaruva nemajiometri, zvichiita kuti mukati muve nezvishongo zvakawanda zvinoshamisa vazhinji vanoshanyira kekutanga.
Pasinei nekukosha kwayo muunyanzvi, Rüstem Paşa Mosque Haisi vanhu vakawanda zvakanyanya kupfuura mamosque makuru eumambo hweIstanbul. Musuwo wayo wakareba wakavanzika zvishoma, wakavakwa pamusoro pezvitoro zvakawanda, unobatsira kuti ive nemhepo yakanyarara, zvichiita kuti ive nzvimbo yakanaka yekuyemura hunyanzvi hweOttoman munzvimbo yakanyarara uye inofungisisa.
Chechi yeChora (Kariye)
Inozivikanwa nemifananidzo yayo inoyevedza yeByzantine uye frescoes, iyo Chora Church ndeimwe yepfuma inokosha yeunyanzvi nenhoroondo muIstanbul. Yakatangira muzana remakore rechi14, kushongedzwa kwayo kwemukati kunomiririra hunyanzvi hwekupedzisira hweByzantine, nezviitiko zvakajeka zvinoratidza hupenyu hwaKristu neMhandara Maria.
Iri kure nenzira huru dzevashanyi dziri pedyo nemasvingo eguta rekare, Chechi yeChora inopa mibairo kune vashanyi vanoda kuongorora kunze kweSultanahmet iri pakati. Kuparadzaniswa kwayo kunobvumira kuona zviri pedyo, uko ruzivo rwakadzama uye kudzika kwemanzwiro emifananidzo yacho zvinogona kunzwisiswa pasina vanhu vakawanda.
Fener uye Balat Neighborhoods
Dunhu rekare reFener neBalat rakatambanuka pamhenderekedzo yeGolden Horn uye rinopa ruzivo rwakajeka rwenhoroondo yeIstanbul ine tsika dzakasiyana-siyana. Nzvimbo dzaimbova musha wevanhu veGreek Orthodox, Jewish, neArmenia, dzakazara nemachechi, masinagogi, zvikoro, nedzimba dzechinyakare dzakapendwa nemavara akajeka.
Nhasi uno, Fener neBalat zvinokwezva vashanyi vari kutsvaga hupenyu hwemumugwagwa chaihwo, mikana yekutora mifananidzo, uye kufamba zvishoma nezvishoma kwekutsvaga. Migwagwa yakamanikana yakagadzirwa nematombo, macafe madiki, zvitoro zvekare, uye hunyanzvi hwemumugwagwa zvinosanganisa nhoroondo nehunyanzvi hwemazuva ano, zvichiita kuti nzvimbo iyi ive yakanaka kune vanofamba-famba vasingakurumidzi uye kuwana tsika.
Süleymaniye Mosque
Yakagara pagomo rakatarisa Golden Horn, Süleymaniye Mosque Inoonekwa zvakanyanya sebasa guru raMimar Sinan uye chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvakabudirira mukuvaka kweOttoman. Yakavakwa muzana remakore rechi16, mosque iyi inoyera kukura kukuru nehukuru hwayo hwakabatana, ichigadzira mukati mayo munonzwa wakakura uye wakadzikama.
Kupfuura kunaka kwayo kwekuvaka, Süleymaniye ine imwe yenzvimbo dzakanyarara muIstanbul. Chivanze chayo chakakura nematerasi akapoteredza zvinopa maonero akanaka, kunyanya pakunyura kwezuva, apo denga reGolden Horn nedenga reguta zvinoratidzwa nechiedza chinodziya. Nzvimbo iyi yemamosque inosanganisirawo makuva, magadheni, nemakona akanyarara anokoka vashanyi kuti vaderedze mafambiro avo uye vafungisise.
Final Thoughts
Istanbul haisi guta rinogona kukurumidzirwa. Mashiripiti ayo chaiwo ari mukusiyana pakati pezviyeuchidzo zvekare nezvemazuva ano, zvitsvene nezvemazuva ese, zvikuru nenzvimbo dzakanyarara. Nekubatanidza nzvimbo dzakakurumbira nemasangano etsika, maonero akanaka, uye matunhu emunharaunda, unowana kunzwisisa kwakazara kwezvinoita kuti Istanbul ive yakasiyana.
Kunyangwe uchipedza mazuva ako uchiongorora dzimba dzehumambo, uchinwa tii pedyo neBosphorus, kana kufamba-famba mumigwagwa yakavanda muBalat, Istanbul inovimbisa chiitiko chakapfuma, chakarongwa, uye chisingakanganwiki.