Hagia Sophia, pakati peIstanbul, yakavakwa mukati 537 AD pasi peByzantine Empire. Anopfuura makore 1,500, yakashanda secathedral, mosque, uye museum. Iyo yakakura dome uye mosaics inoita kuti ive pakati kune chero munhu ari kutsvaga Inofadza Chokwadi Nezve Hagia Sophia. Nhasi, senzvimbo yeUNESCO, inomiririra Istanbul uye nhaka yepasirese, uye chinyorwa ichi chinogovera 10 Chokwadi Chinonakidza Nezve Hagia Sophia.
1. Chimiro Chengano Chimire Kwemakore 1,500
Hagia Sophia yakapedzwa mukati 537 AD pasi pomurayiro waMambo Justinian I. Kuvakwa kwacho kwakatora anenge makore mashanu, uko kwakanga kuchikurumidza zvikuru tichirangarira ganhuriro dzouinjiniya dzenguva yacho. Pasinei nokudengenyeka kwepasi, hondo, uye mazana emakore ekuparara, zvichiripo nanhasi.
Ichi chivako chakaisvonaka chakanga chisati chichingova bedzi chiratidzo choUmambo hweByzantine asi chairangarirwawo sechishamiso chokuvaka nouinjiniya muzvose zviri zviviri Mabvazuva nokuMadokero. Zviuru zvevashandi, mhizha, uye mainjiniya zvakabatsira pakuvakwa kwayo.
Munhau yose, vanhu vakawanda vakabudirira vaiyemura ukuru hwaro. Munguva yeOttoman nguva, yakachengetedzwa, kuchengetedzwa, uye kupfumiswa nekuwedzera kwakasiyana.
nhasi, Hagia Sophia inoramba iri imwe ye Istanbul inonyanya kushanyirwa micherechedzo, ichitaura nyaya yezvose zvakapfuura uye zvazvino.
2. Dome Inodenha Denga
Nayo 56-mita kureba uye 31-mamita dhayamita, Hagia Sophia's Dome ndiyo yaive hombe pasi rose panguva yayakavakwa.
Iyo dome yaitsigirwa nepakati piers uye arches, ichigadzira zvese kusimba uye kunaka kwekunaka. Iyi tekinoroji yaive yepasi panguva yayo uye yakafuridzira zvimwe zvimiro zvikuru.
Nekuda kwekudengenyeka kwenyika, dome yakagadziriswa uye yakasimbiswa kakawanda. Zvikurukuru, Mimar Sinan akasimbisa chimiro chayo muzana ramakore rechi 16, achisimbisa kusimba kwayo.
Kunyange nanhasi, vashanyi vakamira pasi pedenga racho vanotarira mudenga vachishamiswa, vachinzwa mamiriro edenga azvinoita.
3. Yakavakwazve katatu paSaiti imwechete
Chechi yekutanga pane ino saiti yakavakwa mukati 360 AD, asi yakaparadzwa panguva yemhirizhonga nemoto.
wechipiri Hagia Sophia yakasangana nedambudziko rakafanana panguva ye Nika Revolt muna 532. Mushure mekuparadzwa uku, Mambo Justinian yakafunga kuvaka chivakwa chakatokura uye chinosimba.
Ikozvino Hagia Sophia mhedzisiro yeichi chikamu chechitatu chekuvaka, chakagadzirirwa kuti chive chikuru uye chakasimba kupfuura chakatangira.
Iyi nyaya yekuvakwa patsva katatu inoita Hagia Sophia chiratidzo chechokwadi chekusimba uye kuberekwa patsva.
4. Architects Pamberi Nguva Yavo
Vakuru vepaHagia Sophia vaive Anthemius yeTralles uye Isidhoro weMireto. Anthemius aiva nyanzvi yemasvomhu, uye Isidoros aiva injiniya, vose vaiva nomukurumbira mundima dzavo.
Hunyanzvi hwavo hwakasanganiswa hwakakonzera chivakwa icho chaive chese chepamusoro uye chinoyevedza. Iyo dome yakakura yakamira isina kudonha chiratidzo chehunyanzvi hwavo.
Zvishandiso zvakatorwa kubva mhiri kweHumambo hweRoma - girini marble kubva kuThessaly, pink marble kubva kuAfyon, uye yero dombo kubva kuSyria.
Izvi zvakasiyana-siyana zvakagadzira kuwirirana kwakapfuma kwemavara uye mavara mukati memukati.
5. Kubva kuChurch kuenda kuMosque
Hagia Sophia akashanda sekereke yakakosha muByzantium 916 makore, achishanda semuzinda weChechi yeOrthodox.
Muna 1453, mushure mekukundwa kweConstantinople, Sultan Mehmed II akaishandura kuita mosque, zvichiratidza shanduko yakakosha yetsika nechitendero.
Munguva yeOttoman, zvinhu zvechiIslam zvakaita semihrab, minbar, uye pulpit zvakawedzerwa, nepo mamwe ma mosaic akafukidzwa nepurasita.
Shanduko iyi yakaita kuti Hagia Sophia ave akakosha kune ese echiKristu neIslam pasirese.
6. Ngirozi Dzakavanzwa Kwemazana emakore
The Seraphim ngirozi mosaics paHagia Sophia's dome pendentives yakafukidzwa panguva yeOttoman kuti ichengetedze.
Muna 2009, basa rekudzoreredza rakafumura imwe yemifananidzo iyi zvachose, zvichiunza mufaro mukuru pakati pevanyori vezvakaitika kare.
Aya ma mosaic anoratidza ngirozi dzine mapapiro matanhatu, dzichiratidza kuomarara kweunyanzvi hweByzantine. Mavara nemashoko zvakaramba zvakajeka mumazana emakore apfuura.
Nhasi, vashanyi vanogona kuyemura aya ma mosaic pedyo uye vanoyemura hunyanzvi hwenguva yeByzantine.
7. Minarets Yakawedzerwa Gare gare
Apo Hagia Sophia yakatanga kuvakwa, yakanga isina minarets. Vakawedzerwa mushure mekushandurwa kweOttoman kuita mosque.
Iyo minaret yekutanga yakavakwa panguva yekutonga kwaSultan Mehmed II. Mamwe matatu akawedzerwa munguva dzakazotevera, nemipiro yakakosha kubva kuna Mimar Sinan.
Sinan akasimbisawo hwaro hwaHagia Sophia, kuvandudza kudzivirira kwayo kwekudengenyeka kwenyika uye kuve nechokwadi chekupona kwayo kwemazana emakore.
Nhasi, minarets ndeimwe yeanonyanya kuratidza maficha eHagia Sophia's silhouette.
8. 85 Makore ari Museum
Muna 1935, pasi pekutungamirwa naMustafa Kemal Atatürk, Hagia Sophia yakashandurwa kuita museum kuchengetedza zvese zvayo zvechiKristu neIslam.
Munguva iyi, plaster yakavhara ma mosaic yakabviswa, ichiburitsa chiratidzo chechiKristu. Islamic calligraphy uye zvinhu zvekuvaka zvakachengetwawo zvakanaka.
Hagia Sophia yakave inokwezva vashanyi vepasirese, ichikwevera mamirioni evashanyi gore negore.
Muna 2020, yakadzoserwa kuita mosque, zvichimutsa nhaurirano yepasi rose.
9. A Groundbreaking Architectural Design
Hagia Sophia ndiyo yekutanga chivakwa chihombe kubatanidza zvese basilica uye yepakati dome zvirongwa.
Iyi dhizaini yakapa mukati mekuwedzera asi yakakwira kunzwa, ichigadzira ine simba yekuona uye yemweya.
Pfungwa iyi yakapesvedzera mavakirwo echechi nemamosque kwemazana emakore, nemamosque mazhinji eOttoman achitora kurudziro kubva kuHagia Sophia.
Kunyange nanhasi, architects dzidza magadzirirwo ayo ezvimiro uye aesthetic mastery.
10. Yakachengetedzwa neUNESCO
Muna 1985, Hagia Sophia, pamwe nenzvimbo dzekare dzeIstanbul, dzakanyorwa pa UNESCO World Heritage List.
Kucherechedzwa uku kunosimbisa chinzvimbo chayo sechimwe cheupfumi hwakakosha kwazvo pasi rose.
Iyo UNESCO kudomwa inova nechokwadi chekuti kuchengetedza uye kudzoreredza basa rinotevera akasimba epasi rose mwero.
Nhasi, Hagia Sophia anozivikanwa kwete chete sepfuma yeTurkey asi senhaka yakagovaniswa yevanhu.
